For Ubuntu, there are a couple of ways you can install the linux-headers package matching the kernel version. You can either explicitly specify the version, or use the meta package as shown below.
# specify kernel version using subshell sudo apt-get install -y linux-headers-$(uname -r) # OR meta package that auto-matches kernel sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
If you want to specify this in Ansible:
# specify kernel version (needs facts gathered)
- name: install headers matching kernel
apt:
pkg:
- linux-headers-{{ansible_kernel}}
# OR use meta package that auto-matches kernel
- name: install headers using meta package
apt:
pkg:
- linux-headers-generic
You can find my playbook in git at playbook-kernel-headers.yaml
REFERENCES
reddit.com, apt-get install for linux-headers