Anthos GKE on-prem is a managed platform that brings GKE clusters to on-premise datacenters. This product offering brings best practice security measures, tested paths for upgrades, basic monitoring, platform logging, and full enterprise support.
Setting up a platform this extensive requires many steps as officially documented here. However, if you want to practice in a lab or home environment this is possible using an Ubuntu host with 48Gb physical RAM running a nested version of ESXi 7.1U1+ on KVM.
Multiple networks are required for: ESX management, Anthos Admin clusters, and Anthos User clusters. But this can be emulated with KVM routed networks using virtual bridges. Below is a logical diagram of our target Anthos on-prem build.
Google Cloud Prerequisites
Create a Google cloud project and subscribe to Anthos per the documentation.
- Login to the cloud console https://console.cloud.google.com with your Google Id
- Enable billing for the GCP project, Hamburger menu > Billing
- Enable the Anthos API, Hamburger menu > Anthos, click ‘Start Trial’
- Click ‘Enable’
This enablement can also be done with gcloud.
gcloud services enable anthos.googleapis.com
Install Ansible (on Host)
There are many commands and templating steps in this article, I have used Ansible to simplify those commands.
Install Ansible using my article here.
Install KVM (on Host)
Install KVM on your Ubuntu host, see my article here.
This provides a type 1 Hypervisor on your bare metal Ubuntu host where we will virtualize multiple networks and a nested ESXi server.
Install Terraform (on Host)
The VM and networking infrastructure is setup with Terraform wherever possible.
Install Terraform using my article here.
Install dnsmasq service (on Host)
As described in one of my articles, use an independent host instance of dnsmasq so that all the KVM routed networks can point at it for upstream DNS resolution. The routed networks we are going to create with KVM in later steps are be able to reach your KVM Host at is primary NIC as shown below.
Install dnsmasq service on KVM host
# is the host dnsmasq service already installed? sudo systemctl status dnsmasq.service --no-pager # if not, then install sudo apt install dnsmasq -y
Use the following lines in “/etc/dnsmasq.conf”, which will limit the binding to the local (lo) and public interface so it does not interfere with the private libvirt bindings.
listen-address=127.0.0.1 # you want a binding to the loopback interface=lo # and additional binding to public interface (e.g. br0,ens192) # I've seen 'unrecognized interface' errors when using interface name # use listen-address as an alternative #interface=ens192 listen-address=<yourNIC_IP> bind-interfaces server=<yourUpstreamDNSIPAddress> log-queries # does not go upstream to resolve addresses ending in 'home.lab' local=/home.lab/
And although you could add custom hostname mappings directly to dnsmasq.conf, dnsmasq also reads “/etc/hosts” as part of its lookup logic, so this is a nice way to easily add entries. Go ahead and add the following entries to “/etc/hosts”.
echo 192.168.140.236 esxi1.home.lab | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts echo 192.168.140.237 vcenter.home.lab | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts echo 192.168.142.253 anthos.home.lab | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts # restart dnsmasq sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq # make sure there are no errors sudo systemctl status dnsmasq
Configure host to use local dnsmasq service
To have your host use this local dnsmasq service, configure your resolv configuration. In older versions of Ubuntu, this typically meant modifying “/etc/resolv.conf”.
However, in newer versions of Ubuntu modifying this file is not the correct method because resolv is managed by Systemd. Instead, you want to modify “/etc/systemd/resolved.conf”.
# view current resolv for each interface resolvectl dns # change 'DNS' to 127.0.0.1 sudo vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf # restart systemd resolv and then check status sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved sudo systemctl status systemd-resolved # global DNS should now be '127.0.0.1' pointing to local dnsmasq resolvectl dns # check full settings sudo systemd-resolve --status
Validate
This should allow you to use nslookup or dig against the local dnsmasq service to do either a name resolution or reverse lookup.
$ dig @127.0.0.1 esxi1.home.lab +short 192.168.140.236 $ dig @127.0.0.1 -x 192.168.140.236 +short esxi1.home.lab. $ dig @127.0.0.1 vcenter.home.lab +short 192.168.140.237 $ dig @127.0.0.1 -x 192.168.140.237 +short vcenter.home.lab.
This lookup and reverse lookup is mandatory in order for the vCenter installation to perform correctly.
Tail the syslog to see the most recent DNS queries made.
sudo tail /var/log/syslog -n1000 | grep dnsmasq
Pull github project
In order to start the Anthos installation, go ahead and pull my project code from github.
# required packages sudo apt install git make -y # clone project git clone https://github.com/fabianlee/anthos-nested-esx-manual.git # go into project, save directory into 'project_path' variable cd anthos-nested-esx-manual export project_path=$(realpath .)
We will use the files and scripts in this directory throughout the rest of the article as we step through the deployment.
Generate environment specific files
There are certain variables such as GCP project name/id, and host IP address that need to be inserted in the Anthos configuration files. We will use Ansible to define the variables and generate environment specific files from jinja2 templates.
First, modify the Ansible variables per your specific environment, then call the playbook that will generate the local environment specific files.
cd $project_path # modify GCP project Id # the rest of the variables will be default if you have # been following my articles vi group_vars/all # generate environment specific files ansible-playbook playbook_generate_local_files.yml
Create 3 routed KVM networks (on host)
Create KVM routed networks for use by esxi host: esxmgmt140, admin141, user142. Do this with the terraform libvirt provider.
cd $project_path/tf-create-local-kvm-routed-networks # should only have 'default' kvm nat, 192.168.122.0/24 virsh net-list # run terraform to create 3 routed KVM networks make
Viewing the host routing table should now show the below
$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface ... 192.168.140.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr3 192.168.141.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr2 192.168.142.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr1
And listing the KVM networks should show you the default KVM network at 192.168.122 as well as the 140, 141, and 142 networks you defined.
$ virsh net-list Name State Autostart Persistent ------------------------------------------------ default active yes yes esxmgmt140 active yes yes admin141 active yes yes user142 active yes yes
These are routed KVM networks, which means the responsibility for routing these networks falls to you. The easiest way is typically to add 3 static routes on your upstream router that points these subnets back to the public interface of this host server.
Adding these static routes on your upstream router is unfortunately something I cannot show you how to do exactly, because some of you will be in lab environments using commercial routers while others are on consumer routers from varying manufacturers. As an example, below is a screenshot of the static routes of the upstream OpenWRT router in my lab environment.
This points all traffic on 192.168.140, .141, and .142 back to my KVM host network public interface at 192.168.2.239, which knows how to handle these CIDR blocks because of its host routing table shown earlier. The method you use to route these networks is dependent on your network topology and devices.
This is complex enough that I think it’s important to validate that these KVM routed networks have connectivity between them and have the ability to do nslookup properly. I’ve provided a terraform file that can create an Ubuntu instance in each KVM routed network and run a connectivity test.
cd $project_path/tf-test-routed-networks-kvm # show guest hosts currently available virsh list # create 3 KVM Ubuntu guests, each in different network make # show 3 guest hosts now available # creates 'kvm140', 'kvm141', 'kvm142' virsh list # test connectivity to each other, # and forward+reverse resolution to [esxi1,vcenter].home.lab ./run-tests.sh # tear down test vms make destroy
The test goes into each of these guest VMs, and does:
- netcat to port 22 of all the other VMs to prove it can make a connection
- DNS lookups and reverse lookups to verify the ‘esxi1.home.lab’ entries from previous dnsmasq section are valid
- DNS lookup and ping to ‘archive.ubuntu.com’ to prove outside connectivity
You do not have to immediately tear these VM down and delete them. They are helpful when troubleshooting any routing issues between these virtual networks and your upstream router at the KVM level.
Deploy nested ESXi 7.0 U1+ (from Host)
Use my article on nested ESXi 7.0 lab installation as your guide, but instead of using a single NIC on the default KVM network (192.168.122.0/24), add 3 NIC to the KVM host, all of type vmxnet3 for: esxmgmt140, admin141, and user142.
Use at least a 1500Gb sparse disk. If your default pool location will not accommodate that much space, create another pool.
# show location of 'default' disk pool virsh pool-dumpxml default | grep path # if you need to put this large esxi disk in another location virsh pool-define-as kvmpool --type dir --target /data/kvm/pool
Reserve as much cpu as possible and overallocate your RAM (use more than your host, allow KVM to use OS swap). This nested ESXi will be running a significant load: vCenter, the Anthos Workstation, the Admin Cluster master nodes, and the User Cluster worker nodes.
With a 1500Gb sparse disk, 72Gb RAM overcommitted on a 64Gb host, and 24 vcpu overcommited on a 16 cpu host (2 threads/core,4 cores/socket), the screenshot below shows the resources used when the build is complete. CPU is adequate, but it is using 61Gb of RAM.
NOTE: you will need at least 48Gb RAM on your KVM host to deploy this full solution. I see performance hiccups from file swapping even at 48Gb RAM with swap on a different SSD than the KVM qcow2 backing file.
Below is the command from my article, modified for 3 NIC on our routed networks, larger vcpu/RAM allocations, and using a custom disk pool named “data”.
iso=~/Downloads/VMware-VMvisor-Installer-7.0U3-18644231.x86_64.iso # use pool that has enough capacity for sparse 1500Gb disk_pool=data # even though disk is sparse, takes a couple of minutes to create virt-install --virt-type=kvm --name=esxi1 --cpu host-passthrough --ram 73728 --vcpus=24 --virt-type=kvm --hvm --cdrom $iso --network network:esxmgmt140,model=vmxnet3 --network network:admin141,model=vmxnet3 --network network:user142,model=vmxnet3 --graphics vnc --video qxl --disk pool=$disk_pool,size=1500,sparse=true,bus=ide,format=qcow2 --boot cdrom,hd,menu=on --noautoconsole --force
That article also shows how to use the latest UEFI firmware, which can only be changed before ESXi installation.
Create Seed VM (from Host)
The seed vm is a KVM Guest VM (a peer of the ESXi server) that we will use to install vCenter as well as the Anthos Admin Workstation.
Let’s use KVM to create a VM in the same subnet as ESXi, 192.168.124.0/22.
# create Ubuntu seed vm at 192.168.124.220 cd $project_path/tf-kvm-seedvm # list of current kvm guests virsh list # create KVM seed VM make # run basic set of ping and outside connectivity tests ./run-tests.sh # now shows 'seedVM' virsh list
Now install basic utilities on the seed VM: gcloud, kubectl, terraform, etc.
# run prequisite ansible scripts cd $project_path # ansible has local dependencies to galaxy modules ansible-playbook install_ansible_dependencies.yml # now install basic utilities needed on seed ansible-playbook playbook_seedvm.yml
Copy additional files to seed (from Host)
Copy the vcsa-esxi.json file used to install vCenter and a convenience script for govc to the seed VM.
# copy additional files needed from host to seed VM
cd $project_path
ansible-playbook playbook_generate_vcenter_files.yml
Prepare seed for vCenter install (from Host)
The KVM domain name of the seed vm is ‘seedvm-192.168.140.220’.
Using my article on vCenter 7.0 installation as a reference, let’s insert the CD for the vCenter installer. You may need to reboot the seed VM.
# all commands below OR script # cd $project_path/needed_on_vcenter_installer # ./insert-vcenter-installer-iso.sh ~/Downloads/VMware-VCSA-all-7.0.3-18778458.iso seedvm=seedvm-192.168.140.220 # get current device and ISO file being used cdrom=$(virsh domblklist $seedvm --details | grep cdrom | awk '{print $3}') currentISO=$(virsh domblklist $seedvm --details | grep cdrom | awk '{print $4}') # eject current disk virsh change-media $seedvm $cdrom --eject $currentISO # insert vcenter installer iso virsh change-media $seedvm $cdrom --insert ~/Downloads/VMware-VCSA-all-7.0.3-18778458.iso
Install vCenter (from seed)
Now login to the seed VM and mount the cdrom from the OS level.
# ssh into seed vm ssh -i $project_path/tf-kvm-seedvm/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.140.220 # check nslookup and reverse (MUST work or vcenter will fail!) nslookup esxi1.home.lab nslookup 192.168.140.236 nslookup vcenter.home.lab nslookup 192.168.140.237 # mount vcenter iso sudo mkdir -p /media/iso sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop /dev/cdrom /media/iso # do installation, takes about 15 min cd /media/iso/vcsa-cli-installer sudo lin64/vcsa-deploy install --no-ssl-certificate-verification --accept-eula --acknowledge-ceip ~/vcsa-esxi.json
Validate the vcenter installation as described in my vCenter 7.0 article, and configure the datacenter, cluster, and then add the esxi host. You can use govc to create these object instead of through the GUI.
source ~/source-govc-vars.sh # create datacenter govc datacenter.create mydc1 # create cluster with DRS enabled (for res pools) govc cluster.create mycluster1 govc cluster.change -drs-enabled mycluster1 # add esxi1 host to cluster # would have used 'host.add' if we wanted it added directly to DC govc cluster.add -cluster mycluster1 -hostname esxi1.home.lab -username root -password ExamplePass@456 -noverify=true -connect=true
Add vCenter service account for Anthos (from seed)
Using govc commands:
source ~/source-govc-vars.sh # show all current sso users govc sso.user.ls # create anthos@vsphere.local govc sso.user.create -p 'ExamplePass@456' -R Administrators anthos # add anthos user to Administrators groups govc sso.group.update -a anthos Administrators
OR if you prefer to do it from the web UI.
- Login to https://vcenter.home.lab (user/pass=Administrator@vsphere.local/ExamplePass@456)
- Menu > Administration
- Single Sign On > Users and Groups > Users tab
- Domain “vsphere.local”, press “Add”; Username = anthos, first name=anthos, Press Add
- Single Sign On > Users and Groups > Groups tab
- Right click ‘Administrators’ group, select “Edit”. Enter “anthos” in member search, press <enter> to place in group listing. Press “Save”
Expose routed networks from vCenter
Each of the routed networks needs its own Port group associated with a Virtual Switch. The virtual switch is associated with a different physical NIC. There is only a single vmkernel nic ‘vmk0’.
To do this manually in vcenter, login to vcenter and go to ‘Hosts and Clusters’. Right-click on ‘esxi1.home.lab’ and select ‘Add Networking’.
- Select ‘Virtual Machine Port group for a standard switch’
- new standard switch with 1500 MTU
- Add active adapter ‘vmnic1’
- Network label ‘admin141’, vlan=0
- Finish
Manually repeat for ‘vmnic2’ on ‘user142’. Or you can use add these from the seed VM using govc, as shown below.
# list current switches govc host.vswitch.info # for vmnic1, create switch and add port group 'admin141' govc host.vswitch.add -mtu 1500 -nic vmnic1 vSwitch1 govc host.portgroup.add -vswitch vSwitch1 -vlan 0 admin141 # for vmnic2, create switch and add port group 'user142' govc host.vswitch.add -mtu 1500 -nic vmnic2 vSwitch2 govc host.portgroup.add -vswitch vSwitch2 -vlan 0 user142
When completed successfully, the “Networking” section from the esxi web UI (https://esxi1.home.lab.ui, user=root) should look like below. With three physical NIC.
A single VMkernel NIC.
Three total virtual switches: vSwitch0 (default),vSwitch1,vSwitch2
And two additional Port Group names (admin141,user142)
From the vCenter client (https://vcenter.home.lab, user=Administrator@vsphere.local), these same port group names (admin141,user142) will now be shown in the network list.
Testing vsphere networks (from host)
In a previous section we tested the KVM routed networks (esxmgmt140,admin141,user142) by using guests VMs running in the KVM hypervisor. They were all able to communicate freely and use DNS properly.
We should do the same type of test, but with guest VMs provisioned nested inside the nested vSphere hypervisor. One in each of the three vSphere networks below.
Create Ubuntu 20 Focal template needed for testing
But first we need an Ubuntu Focal 20 template, which I provide instructions for building in this article. This takes about 30 minutes to put together, and when done you should have a vSphere template named “ubuntu-focal”.
When done, you should be able to see the “ubuntu-focal” VM template listed using govc from the seed VM.
# find template type vms govc find -type m
Or from vCenter in the “templates” folder.
Create guest VMs using template
You can now build an Ubuntu VM in each network and run validations to be sure we have the same connectivity for VMs running inside the nested ESXi host.
cd $project_path/tf-test-routed-networks-vsphere # create 3 VMs, one in each vsphere network # named 'vsphere140', 'vsphere141', 'vsphere142' make # test that each can reach the others # and that 'esxi1.home.lab' is dns resolvable ./run-tests.sh
Each of these vms should be able to reach each other as well as the outside world.
They can also reach their own dnsmasq instance at the .1 address of their network. However, they cannot reach the dnsmasq .1 of the other bridged networks. So, if you want a common DNS for them, you must use the IP address of the dnsmasq instance on the KVM host.
Copy files to Seed VM (from Host)
Copy the admin-ws-config.yaml used for installing the Admin Workstation and a set of convenience scripts to the seed VM.
# generate files from templates cd $project_path ansible-playbook playbook_generate_seedvm_files.yml
Configuring GCP project (from seed VM)
Login to the seed VM and setup the GCP project.
# ssh into seed vm ssh -i $project_path/tf-kvm-seedvm/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.140.220
Now from the Google Cloud Console, if you select the project pulldown you can gather the GCP project name and project Id (these are often different values).
Use this project name to set a Bash variable per below and prepare your GCP project to register an Anthos on-prem cluster.
# ssh into seed vm ssh -i $project_path/tf-kvm-seedvm/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.140.220 # use your own GCP project name (not project id) # based on the screenshot above this would be 'anthos1' export project=anthos1 cd ~/seedvm # do all of the below, OR just the 2 scripts directly below # source ./source-gcp-login.sh $project # ./enable-gcp-services.sh gcloud auth login --no-launch-browser # get project id # based on screenshot above this evaluates to 'clever-circlet-330611' projectId=$(gcloud projects list --filter="name=$project" --format='value(project_id)') # set project gcloud config set project $projectId # enable GCP services required for Anthos on-prem gcloud services enable \ anthos.googleapis.com \ anthosgke.googleapis.com \ cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \ container.googleapis.com \ gkeconnect.googleapis.com \ gkehub.googleapis.com \ serviceusage.googleapis.com \ stackdriver.googleapis.com \ monitoring.googleapis.com \ logging.googleapis.com # also need for pulling from private gcr.io registry gcloud services enable containerregistry.googleapis.com # needed starting in 1.9 gcloud service enable opsconfigmonitoring.googleapis.com
GCP Service Account (from seed)
As described in the documentation, you must create a GCP service account referred to as the ‘Component Access‘ service account (it was called the ‘Allow Listed’ account in Anthos 1.4).
cd ~/seedvm # do all of the commands below, OR just the script directly below # ./create-anthos-allowlisted-sa.sh # list current service accounts gcloud iam service-accounts list # create service account newServiceAccount="anthos-allowlisted" gcloud iam service-accounts create $newServiceAccount --display-name "anthos allowlisted" --project=$projectId # wait for service account to be fully consistent sleep 45 # get email address form accountEmail=$(gcloud iam service-accounts list --project=$projectId --filter=$newServiceAccount --format="value(email)") # download key gcloud iam service-accounts keys create $newServiceAccount.json --iam-account $accountEmail # path used in admin-ws-config.yml realpath $newServiceAccount.json
This created the file “anthos-allowlisted.json”, which is a key that will be used to gain access to this account in the Anthos configuration files.
Set roles for this Component Access service account.
cd ~/seedvm # do all of the commands below, OR just the script directly below # ./set-roles-anthos-allowlisted-sa.sh gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member "serviceAccount:$accountEmail" --role "roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageViewer" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member "serviceAccount:$accountEmail" --role "roles/iam.serviceAccountCreator" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member "serviceAccount:$accountEmail" --role "roles/iam.roleViewer" # was not asked for in docs, but am having problems with back-off pulling image during admin cluster creation so trying gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member "serviceAccount:$accountEmail" --role "roles/storage.objectViewer"
There are 2 more service accounts neeed during the Anthos installation (connect-agent is only created for Anthos < 1.7).
- connect-register service account (connect-register-sa.json)
- roles/gkehub.admin
- logging-monitoring service account (log-mon-sa.json)
- roles/stackdriver.resourceMetadata.writer
- roles/logging.logWriter
- roles/monitoring.metricWriter
But we do not have to create them manually, because during the admin worktation creation, the ‘–auto-create-service-accounts’ flag will have gkeadm create them.
GCP Current Context roles
The logged in GCP user must have these roles to auto create the other service accounts (which is needed by gkeadm).
cd ~/seedvm
# all commands below or just script directly below
# ./set-gcp-current-user-iam-roles.sh
gcpUser=$(gcloud config get-value account)
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member="user:${gcpUser}" --role="roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin"
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member="user:${gcpUser}" --role="roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin"
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member="user:${gcpUser}" --role="roles/iam.serviceAccountCreator"
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $projectId --member="user:${gcpUser}" --role="roles/iam.serviceAccountKeyAdmin"
Create and set vcenter role (from seed)
As described in the documentation, create an ‘anthos’ role and assign it to the ‘anthos’ vcenter service account created earlier.
cd ~ source ~/source-govc-vars.sh # show available resource pools # will only show default '/mydc1/host/mycluster1/Resources' govc find / -type p # create resource pools for admin and user clusters govc pool.create /mydc1/host/mycluster1/admin govc pool.create /mydc1/host/mycluster1/user # show folders govc find / -type f # create vcenter folder for admin workstation govc folder.create /mydc1/vm/admin-ws # set roles for anthos service account in on-prem vcenter seedvm/set-vcenter-roles-for-anthos.sh
Get gkeadmin utility (from seed)
Download the latest 1.11 release.
# copy down gkeadm utility cd ~/seedvm gsutil cp gs://gke-on-prem-release/gkeadm/1.11.0-gke.543/linux/gkeadm gkeadm1.11 chmod +x gkeadm1.11 ./gkeadm1.11 version
Do not use gkeadm to ‘create config’, because will be creating a tailored ‘admin-ws-config.yaml’ to this directory in a later step.
Get vcenter CA cert (from seed)
cd ~/seedvm # all commands below, OR script directly below # ./get-vcenter-ca.sh # get vcenter certs wget --no-check-certificate https://vcenter.home.lab/certs/download.zip unzip download.zip find certs # smoke test cert to ensure validity openssl x509 -in certs/lin/139b6ea5.0 -text -noout | grep Subject # copy file to standardized name cp certs/lin/139b6ea5.0 vcenter.ca.pem
Create Admin Workstation VM (from seed)
The Anthos admin and user cluster will not be deployed from this seed VM. Instead, Anthos requires us to create a guest VM called the “Admin Workstation”.
It is from this standardized “Admin Workstation” that we do the work of creating admin and user clusters. Below is the ‘gkeadm’ command that checks local and GCP prerequisites, and then uses the vCenter API to create the Admin Workstation.
cd ~/seedvm
# remove any older AdminWS keys before starting
rm -f ~/.ssh/gke-admin-workstation*
truncate -s0 ~/.ssh/known_hosts
# create admin workstation
# needs to download 8G OVA and upload to vSphere
$ ./gkeadm1.11 create admin-workstation --config admin-ws-config.yaml -v 3 --auto-create-service-accounts
Using config file "admin-ws-config.yaml"...
Running preflight validations...
- Validation Category: Tools
- [SUCCESS] gcloud
- [SUCCESS] ssh
- [SUCCESS] ssh-keygen
- [SUCCESS] scp
- Validation Category: Config Check
- [SUCCESS] Config
- Validation Category: SSH Key
- [SUCCESS] SSH key path
- Validation Category: Internet Access
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: GCP Access
- [SUCCESS] Read access to GKE on-prem GCS bucket
- Validation Category: vCenter
- [SUCCESS] Credentials
- [SUCCESS] vCenter Version
- [SUCCESS] ESXi Version
- [SUCCESS] Datacenter
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SUCCESS] Resource Pool
- [SUCCESS] Folder
- [SUCCESS] Network
- [SUCCESS] Datadisk
All validation results were SUCCESS.
Reusing VM template "gke-on-prem-admin-appliance-vsphere-1.11.0-gke.543" that already exists in vSphere.
Creating admin workstation VM "gke-admin-ws"... /
Creating admin workstation VM "gke-admin-ws"... DONE
Waiting for admin workstation VM "gke-admin-ws" to be assigned an IP.... DONE
******************************************
Admin workstation VM successfully created:
- Name: gke-admin-ws
- IP: 192.168.140.221
- SSH Key: /home/ubuntu/.ssh/gke-admin-workstation
******************************************
Printing gkectl and docker versions on admin workstation...
gkectl version
gkectl 1.11.0-gke.543 (git-7e4c4c24a)
Add --kubeconfig to get more version information.
docker version
Client:
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.8
Git commit: 20.10.7-0ubuntu5~20.04.2~anthos1
Built: Wed Dec 8 15:14:53 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server:
Engine:
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.8
Git commit: 20.10.7-0ubuntu5~20.04.2~anthos1
Built: Fri Nov 12 16:42:06 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.5.8-0ubuntu0~20.04.1~anthos1.1
GitCommit:
runc:
Version: 1.0.0~rc95-0ubuntu1~20.04.1~anthos1
GitCommit:
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit:
Checking NTP server on admin workstation...
timedatectl
Local time: Sun 2022-05-08 20:42:04 UTC
Universal time: Sun 2022-05-08 20:42:04 UTC
RTC time: Sun 2022-05-08 20:42:04
Time zone: Etc/UTC (UTC, +0000)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no
Getting component access service account...
Creating other service accounts and JSON key files...
- connect-register-sa-2205082042
- log-mon-sa-2205082042
Enabling APIs...
- project anthos1-349412 (for anthos-allowlisted)
- serviceusage.googleapis.com
- iam.googleapis.com
- cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com
Configuring IAM roles for service accounts...
- anthos-allowlisted for project anthos1-349412
- roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageViewer
- roles/iam.serviceAccountViewer
- roles/iam.roleViewer
- connect-register-sa-2205082042 for project anthos1-349412
- roles/gkehub.admin
- roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageViewer
- log-mon-sa-2205082042 for project anthos1-349412
- roles/stackdriver.resourceMetadata.writer
- roles/opsconfigmonitoring.resourceMetadata.writer
- roles/logging.logWriter
- roles/monitoring.metricWriter
- roles/monitoring.dashboardEditor
Preparing "credential.yaml" for gkectl...
Copying files to admin workstation...
- vcenter.ca.pem
- anthos-allowlisted.json
- connect-register-sa-2205082042.json
- log-mon-sa-2205082042.json
- /tmp/gke-on-prem-vcenter-credentials930401336/credential.yaml
Preparing "admin-cluster.yaml" for gkectl...
Preparing "user-cluster.yaml" for gkectl...
********************************************************************
Admin workstation is ready to use.
WARNING: file already exists at "/home/ubuntu/seedvm/gke-admin-ws". Overwriting.
Admin workstation information saved to /home/ubuntu/seedvm/gke-admin-ws
This file is required for future upgrades
SSH into the admin workstation with the following command:
ssh -i /home/ubuntu/.ssh/gke-admin-workstation ubuntu@192.168.140.221
********************************************************************
If you examine the output, you can see the json files for the service accounts were copied directly over to the Admin Workstation.
...
Copying files to admin workstation...
- vcenter.ca.pem
- anthos-allowlisted.json
- connect-register-sa-2205082042.json
- log-mon-sa-2205082042.json
- /tmp/gke-on-prem-vcenter-credentials930401336/credential.yaml
...
And if you look in vcenter, the ‘admin-ws’ folder now contains the vm ‘gke-admin-ws’. And the vm template ‘gke-on-prem-admin-appliance-vsphere-<major>.<minor>-gke.<build>’.
Manually cat the private key of the admin workstation so we can use it from our host, and not just the seed vm.
# cat private key then exit seed vm cat /home/ubuntu/.ssh/gke-admin-workstation # exit ssh, go back to host exit
Copy files to Admin Workstation (from host)
Now back at our host, paste the Admin Workstation private key so we can reach it directly (instead of needing to go through the seed VM). Then take the template files and use ansible to generate environment specific files on the Admin Workstation.
# put adminws ssh key so we can ssh directly to admin ws cd $project_path/needed_on_adminws # paste in content manually vi gke-admin-workstation # place stricter key permissions chmod 400 gke-admin-workstation cd $project_path # install minimal set of OS packages and settings ansible-playbook playbook_adminws.yml # generate environment specific files ansible-playbook playbook_generate_adminws_files.yml
Login to Admin Workstation (from host)
Now that we have the adminws ssh private key available on our host, ssh directly to the Admin WS. The seed VM served its purpose, and we will not use it in this article again.
cd $project_path/needed_on_adminws # login to admin ws ssh -i $project_path/needed_on_adminws/gke-admin-workstation ubuntu@192.168.140.221 # standardize json key names, so they work with prepared files mv connect-register-sa-*.json connect-register-sa.json mv log-mon-sa-*.json log-mon-sa.json # look at file listing on admin ws ls -l
You will find a listing that looks similiar to below, where many of the files were copied over from the seed VM.
- ‘admin-cluster.yaml’ for creating admin cluster
- ‘admin-block.yaml’ IP addresses for admin cluster
- ‘admin-seesaw-block.yaml’ IP addresses for admin seesaw (ignore because we are using MetalLB instead for 1.11)
- ‘user-cluster.yaml’ for creating user cluster
- ‘user-block.yaml’ IP addresses for seesaw
- ‘user-seesaw-block.yaml’ IP addresses for user seesaw (ignore because we are using MetalLB instead for 1.11)
- ‘vcenter-ca.pem’ vcenter CA cert
- ‘anthos-allowlisted.json’ anthos -allowlisted service account json
- ‘connect-register-sa.json’ gcp service account key
- ‘log-mon-sa.json’ gcp service account key for stackdriver
- ‘credential.yaml’ – vCenter and private registry credentials
Finally, increase the ssh timeout for the Admin Workstation, or else you will get timeouts on long-runnng gkectl commands. This does not change the current ssh session settions, just subsequent ones.
# all commands below or script directly below #./adminws_ssh_increase_timeout.sh # change the ssh timeout for long running gke operations sudo sed -i 's/^ClientAliveInterval.*/ClientAliveInterval 60/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sudo sed -i 's/^ClientAliveCountMax.*/ClientAliveCountMax 240/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config # restart ssh service sudo systemctl reload sshd
Validate configuration files for Admin Cluster (from Admin WS)
# validate version
$ gkectl version
# run config check
# takes 20+ minutes even in fast mode because initial bundle decompression
$ gkectl check-config --config admin-cluster.yaml -v 3
- Validation Category: Config Check
- [SUCCESS] Config
- Validation Category: OS Images
- [SUCCESS] Admin cluster OS images exist
- Validation Category: Internet Access
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: GCP
- [SUCCESS] GCP service
- [SUCCESS] GCP service account
- Validation Category: GKE Hub
- [SKIPPED] GKE Hub: the admin GKE connect spec is empty
- Validation Category: Container Registry
- [SUCCESS] Docker registry access
- Validation Category: VCenter
- [SUCCESS] Credentials
- [SUCCESS] vCenter Version
- [SUCCESS] ESXi Version
- [SUCCESS] Datacenter
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SUCCESS] Resource pool
- [SUCCESS] Folder
- [SUCCESS] Network
- [SUCCESS] Data disk
- Validation Category: MetalLB
- [SUCCESS] MetalLB validation
- Validation Category: Network Configuration
- [SUCCESS] CIDR, VIP and static IP (availability and overlapping)
- Validation Category: DNS
- [SUCCESS] DNS (availability)
- Validation Category: TOD
- [SUCCESS] Local TOD (availability)
- Validation Category: VIPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
- Validation Category: Node IPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
Now running slow validation checks. Press ctrl-c twice to cancel. Use flag --fast to disable. Use flag --cleanup=false to keep the test VMs for debugging afterwards.
Creating test VMs with admin cluster configuration... DONE
Waiting to get IP addresses from Linux test VMs... DONE
Waiting for test VMs to become ready... DONE
- Validation Category: MetalLB L2 VIP
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: L2 VIP connectivity
- Validation Category: Internet Access on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: VCenter on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: VCenter access and permission
- Validation Category: DNS on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: DNS availability
- Validation Category: TOD on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: TOD availability
- Validation Category: Docker Registry on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Docker registry access
- [SUCCESS] gcr.io/gke-on-prem-release access
Deleting test VMs with admin cluster configuration... DONE
Some validations were SKIPPED. Check the report above.
The check-config can take a while (20 minutes), you can tail the logs from another session to monitor progress in more detail. During the processing you will see a temporary “check-config-static-xxx” vm created in vcenter.
# tail from another session to monitor progress of gkectl tail -f logs/*
Upload OS image (from Admin WS)
Prepares for the admin cluster install by doing prerequisite checks and uploading the ova images.
# takes about 10 minutes to upload OVA
$ gkectl prepare --config admin-cluster.yaml -v 3
Reading config with version "v1"
- Validation Category: Config Check
- [SUCCESS] Config
- Validation Category: OS Images
- [SUCCESS] Admin cluster OS images exist
- Validation Category: Internet Access
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: GCP
- [SUCCESS] GCP service
- [SUCCESS] GCP service account
- Validation Category: Container Registry
- [SUCCESS] gcr.io/gke-on-prem-release access
- [SKIPPED] Docker registry access: No registry config specified
- Validation Category: VCenter
- [SUCCESS] Credentials
- [SUCCESS] vCenter Version
- [SUCCESS] ESXi Version
- [SUCCESS] Datacenter
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SUCCESS] Resource pool
- [SUCCESS] Folder
- [SUCCESS] Network
Some validations were SKIPPED. Check the report above.
Logging in to gcr.io/gke-on-prem-release
Finished preparing the container images.
Reusing VM template "gke-on-prem-ubuntu-1.11.0-gke.543" that already exists in vSphere.
Reusing VM template "gke-on-prem-cos-1.11.0-gke.543" that already exists in vSphere.
Finished preparing the OS images.
Successfully prepared the environment.
If you look in vcenter, two additional VM templates now exist:
- gke-on-prem-ubuntu-<major>.<minor>-gke.<build>
- gke-on-prem-cos-<major>.<minor>-gke.<build>
Create load balancer for admin cluster
We are using MetalLB for this new Anthos 1.11 deployment. MetalLB is an in-cluster loadbalancer, so there is no need to create seperate VMs using ‘gekctl create load-balancer’ (as SeeSaw required).
The MetalLB solution will be deployed in-cluster as a Daemonset during admin cluster creation in the next section.
Create admin cluster (from Admin WS)
It is now time to create your Anthos Admin Cluster that will manage all the user clusters as well as serve as the control plane for all user clusters.
# takes about 35 minutes
$ gkectl create admin --config admin-cluster.yaml -v 3
Reading config with version "v1"
Creating cluster "gkectl" ...
DEBUG: docker/images.go:67] Pulling image: gcr.io/gke-on-prem-release/kindest/node:v0.11.1-gke.32-v1.22.6-gke.2100 ...
✓ Ensuring node image (gcr.io/gke-on-prem-release/kindest/node:v0.11.1-gke.32-v1.22.6-gke.2100) 🖼
✓ Preparing nodes 📦
✓ Writing configuration 📜
✓ Starting control-plane 🕹️
✓ Installing CNI 🔌
✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
✓ Waiting ≤ 5m0s for control-plane = Ready ⏳
• Ready after 31s 💚
Waiting for external cluster control plane to be healthy... DONE
Applying admin bundle to external cluster
Applying Bundle CRD YAML... DONE
Applying Bundle CRs... DONE
...
Waiting for external cluster cluster-api to be ready... DONE
Restoring checkpoint state in the external cluster... DONE
Creating data disk for internal cluster.... DONE
Creating cluster object gke-admin-prcjz in kind cluster... DONE
...
Applying admin master bundle components... DONE
Creating master... DONE
Updating kind cluster object with master endpoint... DONE
Creating internal cluster
Getting internal cluster kubeconfig... DONE
Applying admin bundle to internal cluster
Applying Bundle CRD YAML... DONE
Applying Bundle CRs... DONE
...
Rebooting admin control plane machine... DONE
Pivoting objects from kind to internal cluster... DONE
Waiting for internal cluster control plane to be healthy... DONE
Waiting for internal cluster cluster-api to be ready... DONE
Waiting for control plane to be ready... DONE
Applying admin node bundle components... DONE
Creating node Machines in internal cluster... DONE
Pruning unwanted admin node bundle components... /
...
Updating platform to "1.11.0-gke.543"... DONE
Waiting for admin cluster system workloads to be ready... DONE
Waiting for admin cluster machines and pods to be ready... DONE
Pruning unwanted admin base bundle components... -
...
runing unwanted admin addon bundle components... DONE
Waiting for admin cluster system workloads to be ready... DONE
Waiting for admin cluster machines and pods to be ready... DONE
Creating dashboards in Cloud Monitoring
Skipping admin cluster backup since clusterBackup section is not set in admin cluster seed config
Done provisioning Admin Control Plane cluster. You can access it with `kubectl --kubeconfig kubeconfig`
Cleaning up external cluster... DONE
At the end, you will have these vms in vcenter:
- gke-admin-master-xxxx
- gke-admin-node-yyy-zzz
- gke-admin-node-yyy-zzz
And a file ‘kubeconfig’ in the directory. Try a kubectl command that shows the current admin nodes and their version:
# point to Admin Cluster export KUBECONFIG=/home/ubuntu/kubeconfig $ kubectl get nodes -o wide NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME admin-host1 Ready control-plane,master 35m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.141.222 192.168.141.222 Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS 5.4.0-1038-gkeop containerd://1.5.8 admin-host2 Ready 22m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.141.223 192.168.141.223 Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS 5.4.0-1038-gkeop containerd://1.5.8 admin-host3 Ready 22m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.141.224 192.168.141.224 Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS 5.4.0-1038-gkeop containerd://1.5.8
Notice the IP addresses in the wide listing are the IP from the admin-block.yaml.
Now ssh into an Admin Cluster master node. Use kubectl to get the secret and decode it.
# create key
kubectl get secrets -n kube-system sshkeys -o jsonpath='{.data.vsphere_tmp}' | base64 -d > ~/.ssh/admin-cluster.key && chmod 600 ~/.ssh/admin-cluster.key
# get count of containerd images on node
ssh -i ~/.ssh/admin-cluster.key 192.168.141.222 "sudo ctr ns list; sudo ctr -n k8s.io images ls | wc -l"
View the in-cluster MetalLB deployment and its controlling ConfigMap.
$ kubectl get -n kube-system ds/metallb-speaker
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
metallb-speaker 3 3 3 3 3 kubernetes.io/os=linux,onprem.gke.io/lbnode=true 35m
# MetalLB configmap used to assign space
$ kubectl get -n kube-system configmap/metallb-config -o=jsonpath="{.data.config}"
address-pools:
- name: admin-addons-ip
protocol: layer2
addresses:
- 192.168.141.251/32
avoid-buggy-ips: false
auto-assign: false
Configure CoreDNS for the Admin Cluster (from AdminWS)
Starting in Anthos 1.9, CoreDNS replaced KubeDNS. You will need to configure the Kubernetes ‘ClusterDNS’ object on the Admin Cluster so that internal DNS entries in the ‘home.lab’ domain are resolvable.
# from the AmdminWS export KUBECONFIG=/home/ubuntu/kubeconfig # apply DNS settings to 'ClusterDNS' object kubectl apply -f configure-clusterdns.yaml # deploy dns test pod, wait for deployment to settle kubectl apply -f k8s/dns-troubleshooting.yaml sleep 30 # this internal name should resolve to internal 10.100 IP kubectl exec -i -t dnsutils -- nslookup kubernetes.default # this public address should resolve to Google public IP kubectl exec -i -t dnsutils -- nslookup www.google.com # 'home.lab' domain should resolve to 192.168.140.237 # can take a minute or two for DNS to resolve correctly kubectl exec -i -t dnsutils -- nslookup vcenter.home.lab
If these name resolutions do not work, the User Cluster will not deploy properly.
Check config file for User Cluster
With the Admin Cluster now built, it is time to switch over to the User Cluster build.
This will use the prepared files: user-cluster.yaml and user-block.yaml
NOTE: the loadBalancer.vips.controlPlaneVIP in user-cluster.yaml sits in the admin141 network because the kubeapi for the User Cluster is exposed from the Admin Cluster (Admin Cluster is where the User cluster control plane is located). All other IP addresses related to User Cluster are in the user142 network.
# takes about 7 minutes
$ gkectl check-config --kubeconfig ./kubeconfig --config user-cluster.yaml -v 3
- Validation Category: Config Check
- [SUCCESS] Config
- Validation Category: OS Images
- [SUCCESS] User cluster OS images exist
- Validation Category: Internet Access
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: GCP
- [SUCCESS] GCP service
- [SUCCESS] GCP service account
- Validation Category: GKE Hub
- [SUCCESS] GKE Hub
- Validation Category: Container Registry
- [SUCCESS] Docker registry access
- Validation Category: VCenter
- [SUCCESS] Credentials
- [SUCCESS] VSphere CSI Driver
- [SUCCESS] vCenter Version
- [SUCCESS] ESXi Version
- [SUCCESS] Datacenter
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SUCCESS] Resource pool
- [SUCCESS] Folder
- [SUCCESS] Network
- [SUCCESS] VSphere Datastore FreeSpace
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SKIPPED] Tags: no vsphere tag will be attached to VMs
- Validation Category: MetalLB
- [SUCCESS] MetalLB validation
- Validation Category: Network Configuration
- [SUCCESS] CIDR, VIP and static IP (availability and overlapping)
- Validation Category: DNS
- [SUCCESS] DNS (availability)
- Validation Category: TOD
- [SUCCESS] Local TOD (availability)
- Validation Category: VIPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
- Validation Category: Node IPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
- Validation Category: HSM Secrets Encryption
- [SKIPPED] HSM Secrets Encryption: No HSM secrets encryption config specified
- Validation Category: NodePool Autoscale
- [SUCCESS] User cluster nodepool autoscale config for a user cluster
Now running slow validation checks. Press ctrl-c twice to cancel. Use flag --fast to disable. Use flag --cleanup=false to keep the test VMs for debugging afterwards.
Creating test VMs with user cluster configuration... DONE
Creating test VMs with user cluster configuration... DONE
Waiting to get IP addresses from Linux test VMs... DONE
Waiting for test VMs to become ready... DONE
- Validation Category: MetalLB L2 VIP
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: L2 VIP connectivity
- Validation Category: Internet Access on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: VCenter on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: VCenter access and permission
- Validation Category: DNS on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: DNS availability
- Validation Category: TOD on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Test VM: TOD availability
- Validation Category: Docker Registry on Test VMs
- [SUCCESS] Docker registry access
Deleting test VMs with user cluster configuration... DONE
Some validations were SKIPPED. Check the report above.
Create User Cluster
# takes about 35 minutes
$ gkectl create cluster --kubeconfig ./kubeconfig --config user-cluster.yaml -v 3
Reading config with version "v1"
- Validation Category: Config Check
- [SUCCESS] Config
- Validation Category: OS Images
- [SUCCESS] User cluster OS images exist
- Validation Category: Reserved IPs
- [SUCCESS] Admin cluster reserved IP for new user master
- Validation Category: Internet Access
- [SUCCESS] Internet access to required domains
- Validation Category: GCP
- [SUCCESS] GCP service
- [SUCCESS] GCP service account
- Validation Category: GKE Hub
- [SUCCESS] GKE Hub
- Validation Category: Container Registry
- [SUCCESS] Docker registry access
- Validation Category: VCenter
- [SUCCESS] Credentials
- [SUCCESS] VSphere CSI Driver
- [SUCCESS] vCenter Version
- [SUCCESS] ESXi Version
- [SUCCESS] Datacenter
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SUCCESS] Resource pool
- [SUCCESS] Folder
- [SUCCESS] Network
- [SUCCESS] VSphere Datastore FreeSpace
- [SUCCESS] Datastore
- [SKIPPED] Tags: no vsphere tag will be attached to VMs
- Validation Category: MetalLB
- [SUCCESS] MetalLB validation
- Validation Category: Network Configuration
- [SUCCESS] CIDR, VIP and static IP (availability and overlapping)
- Validation Category: DNS
- [SUCCESS] DNS (availability)
- Validation Category: TOD
- [SUCCESS] Local TOD (availability)
- Validation Category: VIPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
- Validation Category: Node IPs
- [SUCCESS] Ping (availability)
- Validation Category: HSM Secrets Encryption
- [SKIPPED] HSM Secrets Encryption: No HSM secrets encryption config specified
- Validation Category: NodePool Autoscale
- [SUCCESS] User cluster nodepool autoscale config for a user cluster
Some validations were SKIPPED. Check the report above.
Updating platform to "1.11.0-gke.543"... -
W0509 00:03:49.871372 22369 warnings.go:70] policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable inUpdating platform to "1.11.0-gke.543"... |
...
Updating platform to "1.11.0-gke.543"... DONE
Skipping admin cluster backup since clusterBackup section is not set in admin cluster seed config
Waiting for user cluster "user1" to be ready... |
Waiting for user cluster "user1" to be ready... DONE
Creating or updating master node: hasn't been seen by controller yet...
Creating or updating master node: 0/1 replicas are ready...
Creating or updating master node...
Creating or updating user cluster control plane workloads: deploying
user-control-plane-etcddefrag, user-kube-apiserver-base, user-control-plane-base,
user-control-plane-clusterapi-vsphere: 0/1 statefulsets are ready...
Creating or updating user cluster control plane workloads: deploying
user-control-plane-clusterapi-vsphere, user-control-plane-etcddefrag,
user-control-plane-base...
Creating or updating user cluster control plane workloads: deploying
user-control-plane-etcddefrag...
Creating or updating user cluster control plane workloads...
Creating or updating user cluster control plane workloads: 13/15 pods are ready...
Creating or updating node pools: pool-1: hasn't been seen by controller yet...
Creating or updating node pools: pool-1: 0/3 replicas are ready...
Creating or updating node pools: pool-1: Creating or updating node pool...
Creating or updating addon workloads: 28/38 pods are ready...
Creating or updating addon workloads: 40/47 pods are ready...
Creating or updating addon workloads: 43/47 pods are ready...
Cluster is running...
Skipping admin cluster backup since clusterBackup section is not set in admin cluster seed config
Done provisioning user cluster "user1". You can access it with `kubectl --kubeconfig user1-kubeconfig`
You will see 3 new VMS representing the User Cluster worker nodes: “pool-1-xxx.yyy” and one additional VM on the Admin Cluster which is the control plane for the user1 cluster: “user1-x-yyyy”
And a new file ‘user1-kubeconfig’, which can be us ed to reach the User Cluster with kubectl.
# export user cluster kubeconfig $ export KUBECONFIG=$(realpath user1-kubeconfig) $ kubectl get nodes -o wide NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME user-host1 Ready 18m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.142.230 192.168.142.230 Container-Optimized OS from Google 5.10.90+ containerd://1.5.4 user-host2 Ready 18m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.142.231 192.168.142.231 Container-Optimized OS from Google 5.10.90+ containerd://1.5.4 user-host3 Ready 18m v1.22.8-gke.200 192.168.142.232 192.168.142.232 Container-Optimized OS from Google 5.10.90+ containerd://1.5.4
The IP addresses match the range from user-block.yaml.
Now ssh into a user node. Use kubectl to get the secret and decode it.
# create key for user cluster
kubectl --kubeconfig kubeconfig get secrets -n user1 ssh-keys -o jsonpath='{.data.ssh\.key}' | base64 -d > ~/.ssh/user1.key && chmod 600 ~/.ssh/user1.key
# get list of docker images on user1 worker node
ssh -i ~/.ssh/user1.key 192.168.142.230 "sudo ctr ns list; sudo ctr -n k8s.io images ls | wc -l"
The Kubernentes control plane for the user cluster is on the Admin Cluster. So the MetalLB kubeAPI endpoint is found on the admin cluster.
# user control plane is found in admin cluster $ kubectl --kubeconfig kubeconfig -n user1 get service kube-apiserver NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kube-apiserver LoadBalancer 10.100.16.9 192.168.141.245 443:30521/TCP,8132:30003/TCP 48m
Configure CoreDNS for the User Cluster (from AdminWS)
Starting in Anthos 1.9, CoreDNS replaced KubeDNS. You will need to configure the Kubernetes ‘ClusterDNS’ object on the Admin Cluster so that internal DNS entries in the ‘home.lab’ domain are resolvable.
# apply DNS settings to 'ClusterDNS' object kubectl apply -f configure-clusterdns.yaml # deploy dns test pod, wait for deployment to settle kubectl apply -f k8s/dns-troubleshooting.yaml sleep 30 # this internal name should resolve to internal 10.100 IP kubectl exec -i -t dnsutils -- nslookup kubernetes.default # this public address should resolve to Google public IP kubectl exec -i -t dnsutils -- nslookup www.google.com
Register cluster with GCP
Now that the cluster is created and registered with GCP, you should go into the web console, console.cloud.google.com and establish a login context so you have visibility into cluster health and details.
Click on the hamburger menu > Kubernetes Engine > Clusters. And click into the ‘users1’ cluster just created.
If you click into the cluster link, it is going to prompt you to authenticate with a list of several methods. While you could use your personal Google identity, this is not an ideal solution and you should use a token which is not tied to your personal identity.
Generating a token (from Admin Workstation)
This procedure is documented on the official page here. From the Admin Workstation:
$ cd ~/k8s
# run all commands below OR just ./register-user-cluster-with-gcp.sh
# verify that gke connect agent is running
# this is using 'connect-agent-sa-xxx.json' service account
$ kubectl get pods -n gke-connect
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
gke-connect-agent-20210827-01-00-657b965c57-j5f4b 1/1 Running 0 12m
# create the 'cloud-console-reader' Kubernetes role
$ kubectl apply -f cloud-console-reader.yaml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/cloud-console-reader created
# create the Kubernetes service account (KSA).
$ KSA_NAME=remote-cloud-console-reader
$ kubectl create serviceaccount $KSA_NAME
serviceaccount/remote-cloud-console-reader created
# create bindings
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding VIEW_BINDING_NAME --clusterrole view --serviceaccount default:$KSA_NAME
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/VIEW_BINDING_NAME created
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding CLOUD_CONSOLE_READER_BINDING_NAME --clusterrole cloud-console-reader --serviceaccount default:$KSA_NAME
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/CLOUD_CONSOLE_READER_BINDING_NAME created
# get bearer token that can be used in the console for login
$ SECRET_NAME=$(kubectl get serviceaccount $KSA_NAME -o jsonpath='{$.secrets[0].name}')
# get decoded token
$ kubectl get secret ${SECRET_NAME} -o jsonpath='{$.data.token}' | base64 --decode ; echo ""
This decoded token is the value you should use after you press “Login” at the web console and authenticate with a token type. Once done, it will take you to a screen showing the cluster details like below.
Validate User Cluster service (from admin workstation)
Per the documentation here we will create a deployment of the Hello application. And then create a service which will expose it via the User Cluster load balancer.
$ cd ~/k8s # create deployment and pods $ kubectl apply -f my-deployment.yaml deployment.apps/my-deployment created # view status of deployment $ kubectl get deployment my-deployment NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE my-deployment 3/3 3 3 20s # view status of pods $ kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE my-deployment-5d7b664866-5r264 1/1 Running 0 48s my-deployment-5d7b664866-ncccf 1/1 Running 0 48s my-deployment-5d7b664866-qzrwr 1/1 Running 0 48s # existing set of services $ kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.101.0.1 443/TCP 12m # create a service for our deployment # loadBalancerIP set to '192.168.142.17' $ kubectl apply -f my-service.yaml service/my-service created # view service and external IP $ kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.101.0.1 443/TCP 12m my-service LoadBalancer 10.101.14.121 192.168.142.17 80:31554/TCP 30s # do HTTP request against service IP $ curl -k http://192.168.142.17:80/hello Hello, world! Version: 2.0.0 Hostname: my-deployment-75d45b64f9-sgdjn
If you do not assign an IP address in the deployment, one will be assigned from the user-cluster.yaml ‘loadBalancer.metalLB.addressPools, which ends up in the cluster as a ConfigMap as shown below.
kubectl -n kube-system get configmap metallb-config -o=jsonpath="{.data.config}"
address-pools:
- name: address-pool-1
protocol: layer2
addresses:
- 192.168.142.253/32
- 192.168.142.17-192.168.142.29
avoid-buggy-ips: false
auto-assign: true
This is also available from the host browser at http://192.168.142.17/hello
Deregister User Cluster
If you delete and then want to rebuild the User Cluster, you need to be sure to first deregister the original one. Deleting the user cluster does break the connection, but the registration entry is still there until you go to the Hamburger Menu>Kubernetes Engine>Clusters, then select the user cluster and select the “Deregister” action which can be found by scrolling to the right-most part of the row.
The User Cluster recreation of the user cluster will fail until you delete this older registration.
REFERENCES
Anthos, bundled load balancing with MetalLB
netapp docs, step-by-step deploying anthos admin and user cluster with F5 LB and Trident
github fabianlee, link to diagrams in this blog post (edit on diagrams.net)
KEP-2221 deprecating dockershim from kubelet
kubernetes.io, containerd integration
Ivan Velichko, containerd from CLI
NOTES
If you need to delete the Admin workstation
delete the VM from vCenter UI, “gke-admin-ws”. If you use the ESXi web admin, it might show as orphaned in vCenter still.
If in admin-ws-config.yaml the ‘dataDiskName’ is prefixed with a folder path, then you need to manually recreate the “datastore1/<folder>” vcenter datastore folder.
# delete current ssh key from seedVM rm ~/.ssh/gke-admin-workstation* # clear known fingerprint for AdminWS ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/known_hosts -R 192.168.140.221 # or clear known_hosts completely truncate -s 0 ~/.ssh/known_hosts # remove file noting details on adminWS rm ~/seedvm/gke-admin-ws-*
And if you recreate the admin ws with ‘gkeadm create’, do not use the flag ‘auto-create-service-accounts’ because they already exist.
If you need to delete an admin cluster [1]
The instructions for cluster deletion are basically to clean out the objects in the cluster, then delete the vms from vcenter. That would mean you would just delete the seesaw from vcenter the same way.
# from the admin workstation, you may need to delete the bootstrap cluster sudo docker stop gkectl-control-plane sudo docker rm gkectl-control-plane
Follow the instructions in docs, then delete the “dataDisk” referenced from admin-cluster.yaml which is on the vcenter datastore. Which in our case is “datstore1/admin-disk.vmdk”
If you need to delete a user cluster [1]
cp seesaw-for-user1.yaml seesaw-for-user1.yaml.old cp user-cluster.yaml user-cluster.yaml.old # delete the user cluster # notice how the kubeconfig must be for the admin cluster # add '--force' if necessary $ gkectl delete cluster --kubeconfig kubeconfig --cluster user1 Deleting user cluster "user1"... DONE Cluster is running... Terminating cluster... Terminating node pools: wait for node pools (pool-1) to be deleted... Terminating cluster... Terminating master node... User cluster "user1" is deleted. # notice how the kubeconfig must be for the admin cluster $ gkectl delete loadbalancer --config user-cluster.yaml --seesaw-group-file seesaw-for-user1.yaml --kubeconfig kubeconfig Reading config with version "v1" About to delete Seesaw group "seesaw-for-user1". Please make sure it's not being used. Do you want to proceed? [Y/n]: Deleting LB VMs in group seesaw-for-user1... DONE Seesaw group file: "seesaw-for-user1.yaml" is deleted. Succesfully deleted Seesaw group "seesaw-for-user1"
If you recreate this exact cluster, use the ‘–fast’ and –skip-validation-load-balancer’ on check-config to avoid errors.
If you need to delete the seesaw load balancer [1]
# for admin seesaw gkectl delete loadbalancer --config admin-cluster.yaml --seesaw-group-file seesaw-for-gke-admin.yaml # for user seesaw # use admin kubeconfig gkectl delete loadbalancer --kubeconfig kubeconfig --config user-cluster.yaml --seesaw-group-file seesaw-for-user1.yaml # move old seesaw store file mv seesaw-for-gke-admin.yaml seesaw-for-gke-admin.yaml.bak
If your user cluster is only partially created, you will have to delete the hub membership either in the web console or cli
gcloud container hub memberships unregister user1
govc to find available entities
# res pools, folders, datastores govc find / -type p govc find / -type f govc find / -type s
Delete Istio components
Out-of-the-box, the Anthos installer puts a small istio deployment into the ‘gke-system’ namespace. Let’s delete this so we can use the full-fledged Istio operator in later sections.
The order below is important. We have to delete the horizontal pod autoscalers before the deployments.
# run all the commands below OR ~/k8s/istio-ootb/delete-istio-ootb-components.sh # # show istio components $ kubectl get all -n gke-system # show horizontal pod autoscalers $ kubectl get hpa -n gke-system # delete hpa $ kubectl delete hpa/istio-ingress-hpa -n gke-system $ kubectl delete hpa/istio-pilot-hpa -n gke-system # show pod disruption budgets $ kubectl get pdb -n gke-system # delete pdb $ kubectl delete pdb/istio-ingress -n gke-system $ kubectl delete pdb/istio-pilor -n gke-system # delete deployments $ kubectl delete deployment/istio-pilot -n gke-system $ kubectl delete deployment/istio-ingress -n gke-system # delete services $ kubectl delete service/istio-pilot -n gke-system $ kubectl delete service/istio-ingress -n gke-system # show components now $ kubectl get all -n gke-system
Then delete the istio service accounts and secrets from the gke-system namespace.
# show secrets
$ kubectl get secrets -n gke-system
# show service account which use secrets
$ kubectl get sa -n gke-system
# delete service accounts
$ kubectl delete sa/istio-ingressgateway-service-account -n gke-system
$ kubectl delete sa/istio-pilot-service-account -n gke-system
# now delete all secrets starting with 'istio'
$ for name in $(kubectl get secrets -n gke-system -o=jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}"); do [[ $name != istio* ]] || kubectl delete secret/$name -n gke-system; done
# show secrets
$ kubectl get secrets -n gke-system
Finally, delete the namespace.
$ kubectl delete ns gke-system namespace "gke-system" deleted
If you have issues with the namespace not deleting, you may have to empty the finalizers array.
If esxi hangs on esxi “nfs41client loaded” then goes to paused state
check for disk full on KVM host pool location
check cqow2 sparse disk size when VM is powered on
sudo qemu-img info seedvm.qcow2 --force-share
Creating resource pools directly under datacenter (if you do not have cluster)
govc find / -type p # create resource pools for admin and user clusters govc pool.create */Resources/admin govc pool.create */Resources/user